GDP growth is projected to slow from 1.4% in 2025 to 0.8% in 2026, before picking up to 1.2% in 2027 as domestic demand and trade growth strengthen. Private consumption will be supported by resilient labour markets and a modest reduction in the household saving rate. Private investment will be constrained by uncertainty, while public investment will be supported in 2026 by the Recovery and Resilience Facility funds. Wage growth is projected to ease gradually, helping inflation to return to target after the energy price shock linked to the evolving conflict in the Middle East.
Fiscal policy is projected to remain broadly neutral in 2026 and mildly tighter in 2027. Although defence spending is set to increase, prudent fiscal policy is needed to rebuild fiscal buffers and ensure medium-term fiscal sustainability. Amid elevated uncertainty, monetary policy should also remain vigilant to ensure that inflation returns durably to target. To help improve energy security, reduced tax rates and tax exemptions for fossil fuels should be phased out and investment in cross-border electricity grid connections strengthened.