| 3D | Three-dimensional |
| ADEME | Agence de la transition écologique, French Agency for Ecological Transition |
| AGEC | Anti-gaspillage pour une économie circulaire (Anti-Waste for a Circular Economy) |
| BBR | Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung, Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning of Germany |
| BBSR | Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung, Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs, and Spatial Development of Germany |
| BCIT | British Columbia Institute of Technology |
| BECD | The Built Environment Carbon Database of United Kingdom |
| BilanBEPOS | Bilan énergétique du bâtiment à énergie positive, Energy assessment of the energy positive building |
| BIM | Building Information Modelling |
| BM | Byggsektorns Miljöberäkningsplattform, Building Sector Environmental Calculation Tool of Sweden |
| BMNL | Beleidscommissie Milieuprestatie Nederland, Netherlands Policy Committee on Environmental Performance |
| BMUV | Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz, German Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection |
| BMWSB | Bundesministerium für Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung und Bauwesen, Federal Ministry for Housing, Urban Development, and Building of Germany |
| BNB | Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen, Assessment System for Sustainable Building |
| Boverket | Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning |
| BR18 | Denmark Building Regulations 2018 |
| BUILD | Department of the Built Environment of Aalborg University |
| CAD | Canadian Dollar |
| CBAM | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism of the European Union |
| CBCS | Conselho Brasileiro de Construção Sustentável, Brazilian Council for Sustainable Construction |
| Cerema | Centre d'études et d'expertise sur les risques, l'environnement, la mobilité et l'aménagement, Centre for Studies on Risks, the Environment, Mobility and Urban Planning |
| CIEC | Centro de Innovación y Economía Circular ,Intersectoral Committee for Circular Economy |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
| COP28 | 28th United Nations climate change conference |
| CoPIL | Steering Committee of E+C- project |
| CoTec | Technical Committee E+C- project |
| CPR | Construction Products Regulation of the EU |
| CRF | Cumulative radiative forcing |
| CTCN | United Nations Climate Technology Centre & Network |
| DGNB | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen, German Sustainable Building Council |
| DKK | Danish Krone |
| DPP | Digital Product Passport |
| E+C- | Positive Energy, Carbon Reduction Project of France |
| Eges | Émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre sur l’ensemble du cycle de vie |
| EgesPCE | Émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre de produits de construction et des équipements utilisés |
| ELAN | Évolution du logement, de l’aménagement et du numérique, Evolution of housing, development and digital technology |
| EN | European standard |
| ENEC | La Estrategia Nacional, National Circular Economy Strategy of Costa Rica |
| EPBD | Energy Performance of Buildings Directive of European Union |
| EPC | Energy Performance Certificate |
| EPD | Environmental Product Declaration |
| EU | European Union |
| EUDP | Det Energiteknologiske Udviklings- og Demonstrationsprogram, The Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme of Denmark |
| EUR | Euro |
| G7 | The Group of Seven |
| GHG | Greenhouse gas |
| GIZ | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, German International Cooperation Agency |
| GLA | Greater London Authority |
| GWP | Global Warming Potential |
| IBECS | The Institute for Built Environment and Carbon Neutral for SDGs of Japan |
| ILCD | International Life-Cycle Data System |
| INIES | Environmental and health benchmarks for buildings of France |
| J-CAT | Japan Carbon Assessment Tool for Building Lifecycle |
| kg | Kilogram |
| LCA | Life-Cycle Assessment |
| LCC | Life-Cycle Cost |
| LFM30 | Local Roadmap for a Climate Neutral Building & Construction Industry in Malmö 2030 |
| LPG | Greater London Plan Guidance |
| MDPE | Products, Equipment, Materials and Waste |
| MLIT | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan |
| NGOs | Non-governmental organizations |
| NMD | Netherlands’ Nationale Milieudatabase |
| NZEB | Nearly Zero-Energy Building |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PPPs | Public-private partnerships |
| PTNB | Plan Transition Numérique dans le Bâtiment, Digital Transition Plan in the Building Industry of France |
| QNG | Qualitätssiegel Nachhaltiges Gebäude, The Sustainable Building Quality Seal |
| RE2020 | Réglementation environnementale |
| SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals |
| SIDAC | Brazil’s Information System for Environmental Performance in Construction |
| SMEs | Small- and medium-sized enterprises |
| SPIPA | Strategic Partnerships for the Implementation of the Paris Agreement |
| SYKE | Suomen ympäristökeskus, Finnish Environment Institute |
| TIC | Technical Committee of the Policy Committee on Environmental Performance of Netherlands |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme |
| US | United States |
| VBBL | Vancouver Building By-law |
| VCBK | Videncenter om Bygningers Klimapåvirkninger, Knowledge Centre on Climate Impacts of Buildings |
| WBCSD | The World Business Council for Sustainable Development |
| WLC | Whole life carbon |
Zero-Carbon Buildings in Cities
A Whole Life-Cycle Approach
OECD Urban Studies
