OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Bulgaria 2025

Bulgaria has made notable labour market and social progress in recent years. However, the country faces a pressing demographic challenge, with a rapidly declining and ageing population, which will have significant repercussions on its labour market and economy. In addition, large labour market disparities across different population groups persist and informal employment remains widespread. Poverty is still common in Bulgaria despite rising living standards, and particularly minorities, including immigrants, face social disadvantage. This report provides an overview of the main labour market and social challenges facing Bulgaria and a comprehensive analysis of Bulgaria’s policies and practices compared with best practices in OECD countries in the fields of labour, social and migration policy. It also includes recommendations on how Bulgaria can tackle key challenges. The report will be of interest to Bulgaria as well as to other countries that are looking to promote more inclusive labour markets and societies.