The Review was prepared under the aegis of the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP), with input from its working parties. It is a collective effort by the Science and Technology Policy Division of the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation.
Alan Paic led the project and coordinated the analytical work and drafting of the report with support from Hyunkyeong Yun. Chapter contributions were as follows: Chapter 1 (Alan Paic, Hyunkyeong Yun, Andrea-Rosalinde Hofer, Tasuku Sasaki, Kiljae Park, Mario Cervantes and Kato Kei). Chapter 2 (Andrea-Rosalinde Hofer, Alan Paic and Hyunkyeong Yun), Chapter 3 (Mario Cervantes, Tasuku Sasaki and Kato Kei). Chapter 4 (Andrea-Rosalinde Hofer and Alan Paic), Chapter 5 (Kiljae Park), Chapter 6 (Andrea-Rosalinde Hofer, Kiljae Park and Alan Paic), and Chapter 7 (Hyunkyeong Yun).
Special thanks go to Yongsuk Jang, Chair of the CSTP and Senior Research Fellow of the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI), South Korea, who provided very comprehensive peer review and capacity building seminars to Egyptian counterparts. Mlungisi Cele, Head of the National Advisory Council on Innovation, South Africa, also provided a peer review of the report.
The publication was produced under the guidance of Alessandra Colecchia, Head of the Science and Technology Policy Division. All chapters were reviewed by Alessandra Colecchia, Kévin Magron and Jerry Sheehan (OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation).
Sylvain Fraccola co-ordinated publication production and communication, and Blandine Serve co-ordinated the statistical inputs. The authors thank colleagues across the OECD Secretariat and CSTP delegates for their valuable comments, as well as Christian Biesmans for contributions to Chapters 1 and 2. Secretarial assistance was provided by Emily Acas and Kyriakos Vogiatzis. Editorial support was provided by Julie Harris.
This review was developed in close co-operation with the Egyptian government. The OECD expresses its sincere appreciation to the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED), in its capacity as national coordinator for Egypt’s engagement with the OECD, as well as the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MoHESR) as the main contact for this Review.
The review team would also like to extend its sincere gratitude to the senior officials who have provided strategic insights - special thanks are due to Hossam Osman, Deputy Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research and Yasser Refaat, former Deputy Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
The OECD further conveys its sincere appreciation to the project’s dedicated focal points in both MoHESR and MPED, who have helped set up, the field missions, followed up on information requests, disseminated the chapters across the relevant entities and reviewed them to ensure consistency, alignment and accuracy: Hany Ayaad, former Executive Director of the Innovation Support Fund (ISF); Nancy Naguib, former Technical Office Director at MoHESR (ISF), Diaa Khalil, former Executive Director of the ISF; Maged Ghoneima, former Partnership and Marketing Manager, ISF, Heba Y. Hashem, Head of the Country Programme Monitoring Unit at MPED; Alia H. El Soudany, Senior Technical Projects Coordinator, Country Programme Monitoring Unit at MPED.
An Advisory Committee brought together eminent representatives from government, academia and business. It has provided precious guidance during the entire project and substantive feedback, especially during the final review phases of this publication. We thank its members as follows: Korany Abdallah Khalil, Director of R&D Centre for chemical and pharmaceutical industries at the National Research Centre; Mohamed El Biesi, Economist, Entrepreneurship & Innovation Expert; Ghada Khdery, expert at the Innovators’’ Support Fund, Walaa Mohamed Sheta, Executive President of the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF); Mohamed Galal, Innovation Advisor to the President of Al-Azhar University and Dean of faculty of engineering; Wael Eldesouky of the Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport; Weam Mahmoud of the Ain shams University; Hala Barakat, Director of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Centre at the American University of Cairo; Heba Labib of Nile University; Fagr Khamis, Director of the National Research Centre; Sherine Abd El-Kader Moharram, Chairman of the Electronics Research Institute. Mohamed Ramadan, The Academy of Scientific Research & Technology (ASRT); Nahel Amera of the Technology innovation and entrepreneurship centre (TIEC); Heba Medhat Zaki, Director of the Egypt Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, MPED; Hisham Basha, Director of Digitization and Innovation, of the Industrial Modernisation Centre (IMC); Hany Emad Eldin of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency (MSMEDA); Waleed Khalil, Managing Partner of Den Venture Capital; Mohamed Ehab Hafez, Director of Entlaq Holding; Mostafa Abdelatif; Director of E-youth; Nashwa Ali, Development Alternatives Incorporated (DAI); Business Egypt; Nelly Sayed of the Innovators Support Fund (ISF); Amr Elawamry, Benha University and CEO of Sanabil for R&D services; Jane Hanna - Deputy Director of Arab Academy for Science, Technology Entrepreneurship Centre; Mohamed Abdelraouf, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute; Ghada Khalil, MPED; Tarek Fahim, Partner at Endure Capital; Ameer Sherif Founder and chairman of BasharSoft Partner and Khwarizmi Ventures; Mohamed Eldallal, Chairman of IEEE Entrepreneurship and Co-founder of Techne.
The review team also recognises the contribution of many individuals who generously gave their time and expertise through interviews and consultations, including Gena El Fiky, President of the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT); Walid Al-Zawawi, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Scientific Research Centres and Institutes; Amr Farouk of ASRT; Amr Hazzaar of the Ministry of Trade and Industry; Mohamed Moatamed of the Ministry of Environment – Innovation Industrial Council; Mohamed Attiyah and Ahmed Tantawy of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT); Hazem Gaber, Chairman and CEO at IETOSAlaa-Eldin M. Adris, Vice President for Strategic Development and Innovation at Nile University and Chairman of the Egyptian Centre for the Advancement of Science, Technology and Innovation (ECASTI); Nadine Abukhadra, Head of Programs and Partnerships at JRNY; Hussein Darwish, President or the National Research Centre Magmoud Negm of Sequence Ventures, Amr El Abd of Endeavour, Hisham Haddara, CEO and Chairman at Si-ware systems, Tarek Abdelmalak President of New Cairo Technological University, Abdelwahab Ezzat, Secretary of the Supreme Council of Universities, Nermine Abulata, Advisor to the Minister of Industry, Ahmed Adel, CEO of Mogassam; Yasser Hegazy, President of the German University in Cairo; Heba Garber of the EU Delegation to Egypt; Ayman Ismail, Abdul Latif Jameel Endowed Chair of Entrepreneurship and Associate Professor at the American University in Cairo School of Business; Tarek Tawfik of the Federation of Egyptian Industries; Amr Adly, President of the Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST); Mohsen Ghali, Deputy Vice President of Research, E-JUST; and Reham ElDesoki, consultant.