Latvia’s Education Development Guidelines 2021-2027 set out the country’s vision for a high-quality and inclusive education system. The Guidelines call for the efficient management and use of resources across all levels of the system. To help realise this objective and ultimately the country’s education vision, the Ministry of Education and Science (MoES) of Latvia invited the OECD to undertake an institutional capacity assessment of its education system that focused on the following organisations: the MoES, four national level agencies and Latvia’s municipalities. This policy perspective offers concrete recommendations for enhancing the capacity of these organisations for education quality monitoring and providing improvement support, aimed at improving teaching and student learning in all of Latvia’s schools and education institutions. This report will be valuable not only for Latvia, but also to the many countries that are looking to strengthen the institutional capacity of their education systems.