Spain

Total employment in the OECD returned to pre‑crisis levels at the end of 2021 and continued to grow in the first months of 2022. The OECD unemployment rate gradually fell from its peak of 8.8% in April 2020 to a level of 4.9% in July 2022, slightly below the 5.3% value recorded in December 2019. However, the labour market recovery has been uneven across countries and sectors and is still incomplete, while its sustainability is challenged by the economic fallout of Russia’s unprovoked, unjustified and illegal war of aggression against Ukraine. The unemployment rate in Spain has fallen from its peak of 16.4% (September 2020) to 12.6% in July 2022. This current rate is below its pre‑crisis rate (13.9% in December 2019), as shown in .