A tale of two worlds: Machine learning approaches at the intersection with educational measurement

Promising digital technology affordances have expanded rapidly in education, and advances in the volume and nature of evidence that can be generated through digital technologies are impressive. However, especially at scale, analytical approaches to accumulate such data and draw meaningful conclusions (inferences) remain a frontier that is hard to navigate. This chapter discusses how machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches rapidly emerging in educational contexts are intersecting in many ways with educational measurement and argues for the imperative of these different fields to learn from each other. The chapter suggests some main takeaways for each field for the valid use and interpretation of innovative educational assessments.